From Wikipedia:

A shell is a user interface for access to an operating system’s services.

The most basic shell is sh.

bash is the most common shell for Linux. It has many more features and is easier to use than sh, and is nearly universal. There are other less common shells too, such as fish (Friendly Interactive SHell) and zsh.

bash features

* represents a wild card.

Also know that . represents the current working directory, while .. represents the parent directory.

Some basic commands were listed in last week’s post. A more comprehensive guide can be found here: https://github.com/twlinux/club/wiki/Basic-UNIX-and-bash-commands.

Basic commands

  • echo Hello world!

  • ls DIR displays the contents of the directory DIR.

  • cd DIR changes the current working directory to DIR.

  • mkdir DIR creates a new directory.

  • rmdir DIR deletes an empty directory.

  • rm FILE deletes a file.

  • touch FILE creates a blank file called FILE.

  • cat concatenates the input stream and prints to the output stream. (?)

    • cat FILE prints the content of FILE

    • cat > FILE will write the standard input stream out to FILE. End this command by pressing CTRL-D.

  • man COMMAND shows the manual page for COMMAND.

  • sudo COMMAND runs COMMAND with superuser (root) privileges.

  • apt is a front-end to the Debian package manager.

    • apt update updates the package list.

    • apt upgrade updates the packages.

    • apt install PACKAGE0, PACKAGE1... installs the packages listed. Must be ran as root.

    • apt remove [--purge] PACKAGE0, PACKAGE1... uninstalls the packages. With the optional parameter --purge, all configuration and data files are deleted as well.

    • apt autoremove removes all orphaned packages (unused dependencies).

    • apt search KEYWORD searches the repository for KEYWORD.

Note: Every apt subcommand listed above excluding search must be run as root. sudo apt install...

CTRL-C ususally cancels the foreground command by sending SIGINT or a KeyboardInterrupt.

Weekly interesting thing

https://github.com/thiderman/doge